The Concept of Time (Kala) in Mahabharata and other Systems of Indian Philosophy
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Selection Grade Lecturer, Sree Sankara College, Kalady ,IN
Subhadra Devi J.
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sadbhavavikarah bhavantiti varsyayanih. Jayatestiviparinamatevardhatepaksiyate vinasyatiti. (Nirukta of Yaska-Naighantuka kandam).
Kastha nimesa dasa panca caiva trimsattu kastha ganayet kalam tam. Trimsatkalascapi bhavenmuhurto bhanah kalaya dasamascayah syat. Trimsanmuhurtamtu bhavedahasca ratrisca samkhya munibhih pranita. Masah smrto ratryahani ca trimsatsamvatsaro dvadasamasa uktah. Samvatsaram dvetyanye vadanti samkhyavido daksinamuttaram ca.Mahabharata-santiparva Ch. 231 -verses 12-14.
Kalasca Vaisesikabhimata eko na anagatadiv yavaharabhedam pravartayitumarhati. Tasmadayam yairupadhibhe dairanagatadibhedam pratipadyate, santu te evopadhayah ye anagatadivyavaharahetavah, krtamatrantargaduna kaleneti Sankhyacaryah. Tasmanna kalarupatattvantarabhyupagama iti: Sankhyata ttvakaumudi, Karika.33.
Sa Purvesamapi Guruh kalenanavacchedat. Patanjalayo gadarsanam, 1.26.
Paraparatvadihetuh ksanadih syadupadhitah Durantikadidhihetureka nitya digucyate. Bhasa pariccheda. 36 (Time and Space).
Karikavali,P.145.
Aparasminnaparam yugapacciram ksipramiti kalalingani. Vaisesikasutra, II.6.
Vyomakaladisamadau pratyaksatvam samarthyate. Manameyodaya. Meyakhanda, Karika-21.
Sarve padarthah ksanikah ksane ksane jayante viruddhadharmadhyasat. Sarvadarsanakaumudi, Bauddhadarsanarn, p. 111.
Kalasyanekapradesatvabhavena astikyatvabhavepi dravyatvamasti tallaksanayogat. Taduktam gunapar yayavad dravyam. Tattvasutra. V.38.
Vyaparavyatirekena kalameke pracaksate Nityamekam vibhuh dravyam parimanam kriyavatam. Vakyapadiya. Kalasamuccheda-1.
Kalatma dinakrnmanastuhinaguh sattvam kujo jno vaco Jivo jnanasukhe sitasca madano duhkhe Dinesatmajah. Rajano Ravisitaguh ksitisuto neta kumaro Budhah Bhurirdanavapiijitasca sacivau preksya sahasrambujah. Hora Dasadhyayi-II.15.
Catvaryahuh sahasrani varsanam tatkrtam yugam. tasya tavacchati sandhya sandhyamsasca tathavidhah. Mahabharata santiparva 231-20.
Itaresu sasandhyesu samdhyamsesu tatastrisu. ekapadena hiyante sahasrani satani ca. (Mahabharata santiparva 231-21)
Catuspatsakalo dharmah satyam caiva kite yuge. nadharmenagamah kascitparatasya pravartate. (Mahabharata santiparva 231 -23)
Arogah sarvasiddharthascaturvarsasatayusah. krte tretayuge tvesam hrasate vayah. (Mahabharata santiparva 231 -25)
Tatah param krtayuge tretayam jiianamuttamam. dvapare yajnamevahurdanamekain kalau yuge. (Mahabharata santiparva 231 -28)
