Journal of Natural Remedies

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Staminate Flower of Cocos nucifera L

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Despite the medicinal value of the staminate flower of coconut (Cocos nucifera L) there is no data available in the archives for botanical as well as chemical standardisation of flowers of C. nucifera. Aim: Pharmacognostic characters and a phytochemical parameter can be used as a quality standard for authentication of the flower of C. nucifera and detection of adulteration. Methods: Pharmacognostic and phytochemical standardisation of the staminate flower of Cocos nucifera L. was performed as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. It includes studies like morpho-anatomical, powder analysis, preliminary phytochemical evaluation and HPTLC fingerprinting of the flower of C. nucifera. The solvent system in HPTLC studies was Toluene: Chloroform: Ethanol (4:4:1 v/v/v) powder analysis, histochemical test, and preliminary and phytochemical screening were carried out as per standard protocol. Results: Microscopic studies of petal sepals and anther show distinct characteristics that help in the evaluation of the genuine quality of flowers. Physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash, and acid insoluble ash should not be more than 5.58%, 6.8061% and 0.223% respectively. However, water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extractives should not be more than 12.544% and 2.498% respectively. Six prominent bonds of Rf value (0.12, 0.37, 0.48, 0.52, 0.67 and 0.91) were visualised. This R_f value imparts significant quality control data in chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Conclusion: Current findings will be helpful in plant authentication, assurance of quality and adulteration detection for staminate flower of C. nucifera.

In Silico Screening of Phytochemicals as an Approach against Tubulin Inhibitor in Prostate Cancer

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Millions of men worldwide are affected by the complicated disease of prostate cancer, which is most common in areas with high socioeconomic indices. There is growing proof indicating that not all cases of prostate tumors are the same as well as that monitoring techniques and prostate-specific localization therapies are harmless methods of dealing with this mild illness. Plant-based chemicals are believed to be an important reservoir of novel bioactive compounds with a range of different chemical motifs. Aim: The potential of tubulin-targeting medications to target Micro tubulin mechanisms and disrupt important cellular processes which include mitosis, cell signalling, cytoplasmic trafficking and angiogenesis is what makes them such effective cancer therapies. Methods: The current research uses a variety of applications for emphasizing the drug-like properties, toxicology testing, and in silico analysis of numerous phytochemicals in prostate cancer by using the NPACT (Naturally occurring plant-based anti-cancer compound) data bank, Auto dock, Biovia discovery studio for the preparation of target protein and interaction between targeted protein site and Phytocompounds. Result and Conclusion: outcomes of the in silico screening, such as the discovery of possible bioactive substances or interested targets. The nine phytochemicals exhibited the greatest docking results, proving they are potent inhibitors of prostate tumors. To verify the computational results, compare the in silico assumptions with empirical information or previously published literature. To reinforce the conclusions, illustrations such as modifications to conformation, binding ways, or sequences of interactions. This in silico study is a critical first step in realizing the enormous promise of plant-based constituents in the field of drugs.

Evaluation of Hibiscus sabdariffa Aerial Parts against Pyloric Ligation-induced Ulcers in Experimental Rats

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The sloughing off inflammatory dead tissue is characteristic of ulcers, which are open sores of the skin or mucous membrane. Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions on the stomach or duodenal lining. The drive of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa aerial parts extracts against pylorus ligation-induced ulcers. The extracts were prepared by maceration using ethanol and double distilled water. In the treatment schedule, Groups A and B were considered negative and standard (Lansoprazole 8 mg/kg b. wt, p.o.) controls. Groups C, D, E, and F as low (200 mg/kg b. wt, p.o.) and high (400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o.) dose treatment groups, received EEHS and AEHS, respectively. Gastric content, pH, free and total acidity, ulcer index, and inhibition of ulcer (%) were assessed. Following administration of both extracts, measurements of stomach content, free and total acidity, and ulcer index decreased. Additionally, pH increased, and a greater percentage of ulcers were inhibited. It was discovered that the ethanolic extract had significantly higher anti-ulcer action than the aqueous extract.

Studies and Enhancement of Natural Bioactive Compounds Content through Media Optimization

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

In these studies, endophyte bacteria were isolated from a medicinal plant root of Adhathoda beddomei (adosa). The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against different pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Identification of endophytes was done based on external morphological characteristics with the help of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). another challenging problem in this regard is that the efficiency of the endophytic bacteria to produce bioactive compounds is not as high as expected because, in many previous works in literature, it has been reported that yields are generally meagre. Through this study, we have tried to enhance the production of bioactive metabolites using media optimization and Resonance Surface Methodology (RSM). These are generally from µg/l to less than mg/l and are therefore not yet appropriate for fermentative production on an industrial level.

Ayurvedic Management of Hepatocellular Jaundice – A Case Report

Pankaj Yadav, Vaishali Kuchewar, Tanika Yadav, Aman Chhabra (Author) — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Jaundice is a yellow discolouration of the skin, another mucous membrane and the conjunctival membrane surrounding the sclera. It is a clinical symptom of either underlying hepatocellular dysfunction biliary obstruction or anomalies of bilirubin metabolism. This clinical entity can be compared with Kamla as described in Ayurveda. The strength of Ayurveda in treating jaundice should be emphasised. This is a case report of a 24-year-old male patient who visited Kayachikitsa out-patient department with the chief complaints of Agnimandya (reduced appetite), Chardi (vomiting), Udarashool (pain in the abdomen), Hrullas (nausea), Peet varniya Netra (yellow discolouration of eyes), Daurbalya (lassitude), Vibhandha (constipation) for seven days. The patient was effectively treated with mild shodhana (bio-purification) with Nitya virechana (purgation therapy) followed by medicinal treatment for 30 days. After 4-5 days, there was a significant improvement in all clinical features and a substantial improvement in liver function. The treatment was given by considering the vitiation of Pitta and Rakta. It can be concluded that this disease was managed and liver functions were improved by ayurvedic management.

Ayurvedic Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Urdhwag Amlapitta) - A Case Report

Rohit Arun Waskar, Rishikesh Bhakare (Author) — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: In this busy life, people hardly find time for themselves, giving rise to a sedentary lifestyle, one of the leading causes of lifestyle disorders in which Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is also included. GERD is a very common disease found in society. It not only affects the mental but also the social life of a person. GERD causes retrosternal burning, sour eructation and anterior precordial chest pain (non-radiating) associated with constipation and anorexia. In Ayurveda, it is correlated with Amlapitta, which is one among the forty Pitta Nanatamja Vikara. In Modern science, there is no sure treatment that cures the patient completely but antacids and symptomatic treatment can give temporary relief. In such cases, Ayurvedic management proved to be the best as it cures the disease from the base. Aim: To discover the efficacy of Ayurvedic management in GERD and improve the patient’s quality of life. Methods: It is a single case study of a 50-year-old male patient who presented with retrosternal burning, sour eructation, anterior precordial chest pain (non-radiating) associated with constipation and anorexia for 5 months. After thoroughly examining the patient, Shamana Chikitsa was started (Laghu Sutashekhar Rasa, Avipattikarachurna, Kanchan Pittashamak Yoga, Abhayarishta). This treatment was given for one month. Results: The successful outcome of Shamana Chikitsa was found to be very effective with symptomatic assessment carried out after one week, fifteen days, and one month, respectively and the overall quality of life of the patient was significantly improved.

Effectiveness of Varmam Therapy and Kombarakku Ottradam in the Management of Thandagavatham (Lumbar Retrolistihesis) - A Case Report

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The Siddha system of medicine is one of the classical Tamil systems of medicine. According to this system of medicine, Thandagavatham is one of the Vaatha diseases with the clinical features of pain in the lumbar region and para-spinal region. This condition may be correlated to lumbar retrolisthesis. A case report of Thandaga vatham (lumbar retrolisthesis) was documented for publication. A male patient of 19 years had suffered pain in the lower back and right sacroiliac region radiating to the right thigh. He could not walk for long distances, sit for a prolonged time and lie on his right lateral position for more than 6 months. He came for Siddha treatment in Varma Maruthuvam OPD of Ayothidoss Pandithar Hospital (APH), National Institute of Siddha. He had a history of allopathic treatment for this condition. Modern medicine management available for lumbar retrolisthesis is physiotherapy and the severe cases need surgery. In this clinical study, the patient was managed with Varmam therapy and Kombarakku Ottradamin at the Varmam Department of the National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. The patient was treated for 48 days and had decreased pain and a limited range of motion was evaluated clinically by using the Oswestry low back pain scale.

A Review on Antidiabetic Edible Plants Used by Garo Community of Meghalaya, India

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Metabolic syndrome characterized by inadequate insulin secretion. The world's 2.8% of the population is affected by diabetes, and it is projected to reach 4.4% by 2030. Recently plant-based products have given significant results for curing diabetics. In this review article, we have summarized the taxonomical classification, phytochemical investigation, toxicological study, and anti-diabetic activity of nine edible plants traditionally used by Garo communities of Meghalaya to cure diabetic mellitus. The book “Antidiabetic Plants in India and Herbal Based Antidiabetic Research” by K Chandrasekhar Naidu and T Pullaiah helps to choose the anti-diabetic plant species of Meghalaya and Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar databases have been used for collecting the complete information of plants. Literature reveals that all the selected plants contain bio-active constituents (alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, etc.), do not give a toxic effect at the highest level of dose, and give significant anti-diabetic activity. This review article helps natural researchers discover of new anti-diabetic drug.

Exploring the Potential of Traditional Herbal Plants in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Investigation

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions bearing considerable social, health, and economic ramifications. Uncontrolled DM manifests secondary complications such as foot ulceration, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. The heterogeneity inherent in DM necessitates a comprehensive therapeutic strategy that is equally safe and effective against multifaceted diseases like DM. Conventionally, DM management relies on lifestyle modifications and dietary adjustments, complemented by pharmacological interventions. However, the limitations associated with oral hypoglycaemic agents prompt an exploration of alternative modalities. These days, substantial resources within healthcare are dedicated to investigating traditional systems of medicine, notably Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, seeking novel interventions for DM management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the available literature of 2017-2023, focusing on identifying herbs with potential efficacy in DM management with their potent mechanism of action. By synthesizing current scientific knowledge, the review elucidates the intricate molecular-level mechanisms of action of medicinal plants in DM. This contribution enriches the scientific discourse by providing a comprehensive resource for the nuanced exploration of innovative approaches to address the complex facets of DM. As healthcare endeavours to diversify its strategies, the insights from this review may pave the way for developing novel and effective interventions for managing DM using medicinal plants.

Exploring Natural Product Derivatives having Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Activity

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme which plays an active role in many biological functions of the human body. It is omnipresent in all the biological organisms with eight different genetic families. Its primary role is to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO₂ to bicarbonate and protons. Though it is beneficial in many aspects it is also equally important for the cancer cells because of its pH regulatory nature. For tumor cells to survive and metastasis the regulation of pH and creating a hypoxia condition is very much needed, as Carbonic anhydrase is an extended family of sixteen isozymes, some of them are very essential for tumor cells. Many research is going on to inhibit the selective enzyme which is over expressed in the tumor cells. To be exact Carbonic anhydrase IX and XII are the most important enzymes overexpressed in the tumor cells. Sulfonamides, along with their bioisosters sulfonamides and sulfamates, have been employed for decades in treating conditions like glaucoma, epilepsy, and diuretics. Notably, this class of compounds has been extensively studied for its role as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, showcasing their significant use and exploration in various therapeutic applications. In recent years, there has been a notable shift in the study of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors towards natural products in addition to synthetic derivatives. Traditional drug design methods have historically yielded synthetic CAIs, but the exploration of Natural products derivatives has significantly advanced the field. Natural products, such as psammaplin C and altemicidin, containing primary sulfonamide or sulfamate groups, are gaining attention. The chemical diversity, binding specificity, and interaction tendencies of natural product derivatives make them appealing for molecular probes in research.

Potential Future Perspectives of Emulgels: Emphasizing Their Role in Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Drug Delivery and Skincare

Rohit Keshav Dimote, Raosaheb S. Shendge, Avesh A. Tamboli (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Emulgel formulations have emerged as a prominent category in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their unique characteristics combining the properties of emulsions and gels. This comprehensive review paper delves into the world of emulgels, focusing on their emulsion-based preparation and lipophilic nature. We explore the classification of emulgels, detailing the various types and their applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various techniques employed in the preparation of emulgels. The focus is on elucidating the intricacies involved in achieving formulations that are both stable and efficacious. The diverse methods discussed in the paper shed light on the nuanced aspects of emulgel preparation, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field.. Moreover, we present a compelling rationale for the adoption of emulgels as a novel drug delivery system, highlighting their ability to enhance drug infiltration, stability, and patient compliance. In addition to a retrospective analysis, this review paper provides insights into the current landscape of emulgels, covering recent advancements and applications across pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Furthermore, we discuss the potential future perspectives of emulgels, emphasizing their role in addressing contemporary challenges in drug delivery and skincare. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industry professionals interested in harnessing the potential of emulgels for innovative formulations and therapeutic applications.

Analytical Method Development, Validation, and Estimation of Lupeol, Quercetin, Vasicine in Polyherbal Formulations and Selected Plant Species by using UFLC-MS

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Kabusura kudineer (KSK) is a marketed Siddha-based polyherbal formulation, and on the authority of the Govt of India, the Ministry of Ayush recommended Kabusura kudineer in the therapy of COVID-19, and due to its immuno-booster effects. Based on the “Kabusura kudineer” (KSK) formulations, we developed a “Hydaljss08” polyherbal formulation composed of 16 dried crude materials and 03 fresh forms. Both formulations contain active phytopharmaceuticals such as vasicine, quercetin, and lupeol and these are responsible for anti-viral and immunomodulatory effects, which may be due to their synergistic and additive effects. The chemical nature of vasicine is an alkaloid, quercetin is a flavonoid, and lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid. Aim: The current study aims to develop and validate the analytical process for assessing vasicine, quercetin, and lupeol in both dosage forms and in a selected plant species by UFLC-MS. Methods: The ultrafast liquid chromatography study was designed by the columns of Inertsil C₈, and Inertsil C₁₈, individually, for vasicine, quercetin, and lupeol respectively. The columns and mobile phase were used as a water C₁₈, 20 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5: acetonitrile in a combined UFLC method development of vasicine, quercetin, and lupeol. Results: A calibration curve and adequate linearity were recorded for vasicine, quercetin, and lupeol by injecting 20.0-60.0 μg/ml, 50.0-150.0 μg/ml, and 25.0-75.0 μg/ml of marker substances. The LOD, and LOQ of the vasicine, quercetin, and lupeol were found to be 1.19, 3.60, 3.80, 11.51, 1.79, and 5.41 μg/ml, and the Ruggedness value of vasicine, lupeol, and quercetin was found in % RSD 0.4%, 0.1%, and 0.1%. Conclusion: The developed and validated method showed good linearity with a range of correlation coefficients, new, simple, novel, accurate, specificity, precision, robustness, and ruggedness are within the limits.

Identification of Bioactive Molecules in Traditional Siddha Formulation “Nilaavarai Choornam”

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The Siddha system of medicine is developed by ancient Tamil Siddhars, through their spiritual power. In the present work, the Siddha herbal formulation Nilaavarai choornam (NVC) is selected and chemically evaluated for its major active constituents. All standardization parameters were evaluated for the in-house and market samples of NVC. These parameters will also be useful in checking the quality of the ingredients and the end product. Its ingredients are senna, ginger, black pepper, ajowan and embelia. It is administered to treat constipation, indigestion, flatulence and intestinal worms. Pharmacognostic parameters of Nilaavarai choornam were determined through powder microscopy and chemical studies. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, alcohol and water extracts obtained through successive extraction methods. Fluorescence analysis was also performed to detect chromophores present in this formulation. HPTLC Fingerprinting profile was determined to identify the active molecules present in this formulation. Powder microscopy of this formula suggested the presence of characteristic, calcium crystals, oleoresin, stone cells, endosperm cells, striated cuticle and parenchyma cells. The powdered material showed 2.8% loss on drying for NVC-M and 2.5% for NVC-H, 3% of ash for both samples and 0.54% of acid insoluble ash for NVC-M and 0.09% for NVC-H. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts revealed the presence of proteins, sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, alkaloids and glycosides. The HPTLC fingerprinting profile of the chloroform fraction of NVC-M and NVC-H showed characteristic spots. Also, HPTLC determination was done with the standard gingerol and piperine and the results obtained confirmed the presence of active ingredients in both the samples.

Unlocking Bioactive Potential: A Comparative Analysis of Solvent Extraction on Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Efficacy in Eupatorium glandulosum and Eupatorium odoratum

Nirza Moktan, Tapan Seal, Anindita Banerjee (Author) — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The purpose of this work was to explore and compare the phytochemical constitution, vitamin composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential of leaf extracts from two Ethnomedicinal plants, Eupatorium glandulosum and Eupatorium odoratum, belonging to family Asteraceae collected from the Eastern Himalayan Darjeeling region and the plains of Jhargram in West Bengal, India. Four distinct solvents viz., 80 % aqueous ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane were used to prepare the leaf extracts. The identification and quantification of phytochemicals and water-soluble vitamins was conducted through HPLC. To evaluate antioxidant potential, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays were performed. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against Streptocococcal strains (S. oralis, S. mutans, S. pyogenes). Both the plants exhibited a diverse array of identified phytochemicals. E. glandulosum contained five while E. odoratum presented an even richer composition of seven water-soluble vitamins. Remarkably, E. odoratum displayed the highest scavenging activity against DPPH radicals (70.08%), and notable reducing potential (10.74 AAE mg/gm). In contrast, E. glandulosum showcased pronounced scavenging potential against ABTS radicals (74.32%). Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract from E. odoratum displayed robust antimicrobial efficacy against, S. oralis, inducing an inhibition zone of 16.00 mm ± 2.82 while E. glandulosum exhibited an inhibition zone of 11.50 mm ± 0.707. These findings validate the therapeutic potential and ethnomedicinal use of these plants.

Conceptual Study of Urdhvaga Amlapitta (Hyperacidity) and its Ayurvedic Management by Vasa Ghrita

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: The three basic pillars which help in the understanding of disease symptoms and its management are called Trisutra. These have three components, Hetu as causative factors, Linga, as specific symptoms and Aushadha as drug and management of disease. Methods: The study was carried out at the Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre, Salod, Wardha. A total of 60 patients of Urdhavag Amlapitta were registered for the present research work. Results: In this study, all the patients reported with imbalance of Tridosha. In this study, a significant time-dependent therapeutic response was reported, and after the treatment significant improvement was reported in the disease symptoms. Conclusion: After observing the symptoms before and after treatment we can say that Vasa Ghrita can be a much better remedy for Urdhvag Amlapitta (Hyperacidity).

Assessment of In Vitro Antioxidant and Analgesic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Urena lobata Leaves

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: The primary aim of this study is to identify the most active fraction from Urena lobata leaves and subsequently evaluate the analgesic and antioxidant accomplishments of the identified potent extract. The focus is on determining the fraction with the highest efficacy for potential therapeutic applications. Methods: U. lobata leaves were consecutively extracted with solvents like n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The concentrated fractions underwent initial phytochemical screening. The fraction exhibiting the highest activity, as determined by the carrageenan model, was further evaluated for its analgesic potential through the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. In-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of U. lobata leaf fractions exposed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, and flavonoids. In the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, the ethyl acetate fraction of U. lobata leaf (ULEAF) demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory effects, comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac sodium. Evaluation of analgesic potential using the hot-plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test showed dose-dependent efficacy, with 500 mg/kg ULEAF exhibiting effects similar to ibuprofen. In vitro, antioxidant assays indicated potent radical scavenging and reducing power in the ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion: In conclusion, U. lobata leaf fractions exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties, with the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating notable analgesic and antioxidant activity. These findings support the plant’s therapeutic potential for further exploration in pharmaceutical development.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines of Phyllanthus emblica L. Bark Extract

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background: The euphorbiaceous plant family includes Phyllanthus emblica, which demonstrates a variety of pharmacological qualities. Aim: This study aims to investigate any potential medical benefits that the Phyllanthus emblica tree’s bark may have. Methods: An aqueous extract was made with sterile water, and alcohol-based extracts were obtained by macerating with 100% ethanol. Different extraction parameters were changed to evaluate their impact on polyphenol extraction, such as the concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extracts. The phosphomolybdate method was used to assess antioxidant activity and Total Phenol Content (TPC). Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts were found to have antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to compare the extracts’ metabolite profiles. The MTT assay was employed to detect cell growth and survival, and the ethanolic bark extract showed potential cytotoxic action against the MCF 7 cancer cell line. Result: The results of the aforementioned tests showed that the ethanolic bark extract had greater antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract. Furthermore, the MTT assay showed that the ethanolic bark extract may have cytotoxic effects on the cancer cell line MCF 7. Conclusion: In summary, more research is necessary to completely understand the antibacterial and chemotherapeutic effects of the active ingredients, opening the door for their possible development as effective anticancer treatments.

A Review Study on Herbal Nutraceuticals: A Leading Edge in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders with the Help of Medicinal Plants

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss and death of neurons with their structure and functions and this is causing a great burden on society at present time. The degeneration of neurons is caused due to a variety of factors which may be genetic, environmental, oxidative stress and many more. The scientific articles regarding neurodegenerative disorders, their classification, and mechanism of action are pooled from different scientific databases. We have used preferred reporting items for systemic reviewing of articles to filter those which are highly relevant and counter the information at present: neurodegenerative disorders, medicinal plants, herbal plants from neurodegeneration, and herbal nutraceuticals as summarized. As per the side effects caused by the use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of various neurological disorders, to reduce their efficacy, it was found the new advancement of herbal nutraceuticals has created havoc and has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects with minimized side effects. Medicinal plants for neuro-degenerative diseases have been documented to cure a variety of neurological disorders and their effects over synthetic drugs by the advancing use of herbal nutraceuticals. This review will provide the role of herbal nutraceuticals and medicinal plants in curing neurodegenerative diseases in the present era.

A Review on Extraction of Tannins and Quantitative Determination of Ellagic Acid Using Different Analytical Methods

Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Tannins, integral to plant survival, serve diverse functions from herbivore defence to influencing plant development. Classified into hydrolyzable and condensed types, these water-soluble polyphenols contribute to the nutritional profile of plant-based meals, offering taste, colour, and potential health benefits. Extraction methods, including solvent and ultrasonic-assisted techniques, play a crucial role in obtaining concentrated tannins. Ellagic acid, abundant in plants like strawberries and grapes, garners attention for its health-promoting properties. Analytical methods such as spectrophotometry and chromatography, including HPLC, enable the precise identification and quantification of ellagic acid. These tools contribute to a deeper understanding of plant chemistry and its potential health implications. In a nutshell, tannins go beyond herbivore defence, influencing plant biology and human health. This review highlights their diverse roles, extraction methods, and the significance of ellagic acid, providing insights into the intricate world of plant polyphenols.

Green Nanotechnology: How Plants Can Help Synthesize Nanoparticles for Biomedical and Environmental Purposes

Mamta Kumari, Piyushkumar Sadhu, Chitrali Talele, Niyati Shah (Author) — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Nanoscale materials known as nanoparticles exhibit distinctive properties and functionalities owing to their minute size and expansive surface area. Employing plant extracts for nanoparticle synthesis represents an environmentally conscious and sustainable method that utilizes natural resources as both reducing and capping agents. This comprehensive review presents the current state-of-the-art in the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts. It specifically explores the interplay between phytochemicals and metal ions, highlighting the impact of phytochemicals on various nanoparticle properties such as size, shape, morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition, surface charge, and optical characteristics. The applications of these nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles etc. span diverse fields, including biomedical, environmental, catalytic, optical, electrical, and magnetic applications. The review also addresses challenges and future directions in this burgeoning field, emphasizing the necessity for standardization and optimization of synthesis parameters, elucidation of the synthesis mechanism and kinetics, and exploration of functionalization and potential applications. In conclusion, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts emerges as a promising and evolving field with considerable potential for future research and development.