Beyond Genetics: Discovering the Role of Maternal Dietary Intake in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are complex disorders with a multifactorial etiology. Maternal dietary factors may influence the risk of ASDs in offspring. This review aims to examine the evidence on the association between maternal dietary factors and the risk of ASDs in children. The review synthesizes available literature on specific nutrients and dietary patterns that may increase or decrease the risk of ASDs. The study also identifies knowledge gaps and recommends further research. The findings suggest that folic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D may have protective effects against ASDs. The review study focuses on Western studies, given the lack of research in India. The concept of Garbha Sanskar was introduced, a traditional practice in India that promotes a healthy dietary lifestyle for pregnant women. Despite many Indian mothers following a positive dietary lifestyle, further research is needed in India due to the high prevalence of autism and malnutrition. The limited research in India impedes the development of targeted interventions. Hence, there is a dire need to identify the dietary patterns in mothers and to identify the risk factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder.